5 111 15

#bonding atoms' wavefunction in phase
correlation diagram correlation between atomic and moleculer levels
hybridization ... interfereces between wavefunctions of one atom.
！角度もエクスポネンシャルと同様に直感的に把握しにくい<-109.6°、107°と90°の差など
！実は数字自体も把握しにくい。そこでC12化が有効。パイグラフの面積比/棒グラフの長さ比？

Lec 15 | MIT 5.111 Principles of Chemical Science, Fall 2005

UCB chem1a 14

K${}_{SP}$ = [*(aq)] / [*(s)==const] = [*(aq)] Soluability Products
Solubility 's' K${}_{SP} = s^2$
PbI${}_2$(s)$\frac{right}{left} Pb${}^{2+} + 2$I${}^-$
s 2s
K${}_{SP} = s (2s)^2 = 4 s^3$

5 111 14

antibonding orbital $\sigma_{1s}^*$ "correlation diagram"
electron configuration H${}_2 (\sigma_{1s})^2(\sigma_{1s}^*)^0$
"Bond order" $\frac{1}{2}(# of bonding e^- - # of antibonding e^-)$ '1' single bond '2' double bond
isolated 's,p' orbitals bonding '$\sigma,\pi$ orbitals
Z 7->7 energy level order between $\sigma$ and $\pi$ flips

Lec 14 | MIT 5.111 Principles of Chemical Science, Fall 2005

ucb chem1a 13

Co${}^{2+}$(aq) + 4Cl${}^-$(aq)  -> CoCl${}_4^{2-}$(aq)
I   0.050M  6.0M
C       -x      -4x      x
E 0.05-x    6-4x      x
"ICE table method"
N${}_2$O${}_4 + heat \rightlefthapoons 2$NO${}_2$ 熱を加えると熱を減らす方向に反応が進む。熱もreactantのように扱える。

5 111 13

NO${}_3^-$ doulbe-bonds stronger&shorter than single-bonds.
Exceptions to octet-rule(90%)
1. odd# of valence electrons.  ex.  CH${}_3\cdot$ methyl radical
2. (less than 8) group 13 B Ga Al  ex. BF${}_3$ needs 32  have 24 bondingelectrons 8 B${}^[-]$ -> B${}^[0]$ not like NO${}_3^-$
3. (more than 8) valence share expantion (expanded shell; has d-shell to accomodate more than 8 electrons)  Ex1.  PCl${}_5$ phosphorus pentachloride needs 48  have 40 bondingpair 4  Ex2. Iodine tetrafluoride IF${}_4^-$ needs 40 have 35+1 bondingelectron 4

Ionic bonds.  Sodium Chloride IE-IA is equal to elecronic forces around 10A(ngstrom)
IE Ionization Energy.   EA Electron Affinity

Lec 13 | MIT 5.111 Principles of Chemical Science, Fall 2005

UCB chem1a 8-11

L8
(alcohol) -ol namely -> -OH chemically
methanol(1)ethernol(2)propernol(3)
L9
(aq)(s)科学反応式中に使うと実際の状態のイメージがつかみやすい。
(g) H2O(l) H-NO# Nitric acid, X-NO3 X-nitrate
反応矢印の上の△印はHeatするの意味
L10
1 Farrady = 1 mole of electrons
peroxides
L11
"Bromothymol Blue"

ucb chem1a 12

"polyatomic anion"
Iron and Ion sounds
K ... "[products] over [reactants][reactants]"

5 111 12

$$
H,Cl,F .... terminal atoms 100%,99%,? respectively.  CH3
rule element with lowest ionizatioon energy in the middle.
HCN Cl2SO
Formal charge = Valence - Lone - 1/2 Shared.  is not 'oxidation number'
C in CN^- ... 4 - 2 - 1/2*6 = -1 N in CN- ... 5 - 2 - 1/2*6 = 0
NCS^-     -1N 0C 0S  -2C 2S -1N    0S 1N -2C configurations with lowest sets of formal charges.
formal charge number of extra electrons (minus) CH3NHO- two possible configuration, electron(formal chage) goes to most electronegative elements, O in this case.
NO3^- "resonance structure" "resonant hybrid" denoted with double headed arrow.

Lec 12 | MIT 5.111 Principles of Chemical Science, Fall 2005

ucb chem1a 7

cool and/or compression KE is converted to PE (Potential Energy)
Hydrogen Bond needs O,N,F in addition to H, but not C

5 111 11

$$Electron affinity can be both plus(stabilize) or minus(unstabilize)
"r is the same across periodic table" Electronegativity $\Xi = \frac12(IE+EA)$
"isoelectronic" N${}^{-3}$ Al${}^{+3}$ $(1s)^2(2s)^2(wp)^6$
"attractive region" "well" "equilibrium bond radius" "bond association energy" $\Delta E_d$ dissociate

Lec 11 | MIT 5.111 Principles of Chemical Science, Fall 2005

今日マチ子のセンネン画報レッツゴー！うるまでるび

http://www.europeana.eu/portal/

ucb chem1a 6

5 111 10

x-ray photoelectric spectroscopy.  einstein had a family to start with.
1st ionization energy HOAO, 2nd ioni-, 3rd i-
"r (down periodic table) changes faster than Z (across periodic table)"

Lec 10 | MIT 5.111 Principles of Chemical Science, Fall 2005

ucb chem1a 5

H${}_2$O 640 m/s  H${}^2$ 1920 m/s O${}^2$ around 400 m/s all above speed of sound

5 111 9

spectrum sidebands "doublet" radial distribution functions shape the same as one-electron approximation.  scales are actually different.
"shielding"$\aa$ "degeneracy,E(2s) = E(2p)  are lifted and becomes <" IE Ionization Energy
$Z_{eff}$ chromium copper two exception in 4th row. molybdenum and silver
"neutrals" "ions" "positive ions"

Lec 9 | MIT 5.111 Principles of Chemical Science, Fall 2005

ucb chem1a 4

"line is 2 dots"  Valence-Shell Electron-Pair Repulsion $\aa$
line variation ... dots (into blackboard) and triangular (popout from blackboard)
"lone pair take up space" NH${}_3$ H${}_2$O
dipole moment arrow from positive to negative
composition ,shape, and polarity
http://webcast.berkeley.edu/mediaplayer/player.swf

5 111 8

$\psi -> \Psi$ $\Phi$ has finite value at r = 0, but $4 \pi r^2 dr$ is multiplied, $4 \pi \Psi^2 r^2 dr$ thus some Bohr radius.
"angular node" -> null-plane $n - 1$ # total nodes $l$ # angular nodes (thus $n - 1 - l$ # radial nodes) 2p ... 1 total 1 angular 0 radial
as angular momentum qn 'l' goes up RDF peak R goes down R(d) < R(p) < R(s)
one electron wave function approximation results in $(1s)^2 (2s)^2 etc.$
spin quantum number $m_s \pm \frac{1}{2}$ 'spin' is figurative.  electron is not rotating#本当はsin ,cos ?

Lec 8 | MIT 5.111 Principles of Chemical Science, Fall 2005

5 111 7

*$^#+$ *$^#-$ エネルギーの空間配置'電子'が幾何的に化学的な性質のもととなる
1. principal quantum number n=1,2, ... ,$\inf$
2. angular momentum l =0,1,2, ... ,n-1
3. magnetic qn (z component o angular momentum) m = 0,$\pm$1,$\pm$2, ... ,$\pm$l
spatial part of wave function <-> spin part
(1,0,0) s orbital
(2,0,0) 2s
(2,1,-) 2p
(2,1,0) 2p$_z$
(2,1,+1) 2p$_x$
(2,1,-1) 2p$_y$
(-,2,-) #d 3d$_xy$ 3d$_yz$ 3d$_{z^2}$
(-,3,-) #f
total amount of energy is dictated only by 'n' number
$\[\Psi_{nlm}(r,\theta,\phi)\]^2 = PDF$ Probabilty per unit volume.(Max Born interpretation)
$a_0 \approxto 0.5\AA$ Bohr's radius
"radial nodes"

Lec 7 | MIT 5.111 Principles of Chemical Science, Fall 2005

ucb chem1a 3

* (g|s|l|aq) aq = dissolved in water
Metal does not have lots of electrons to share. -> Ionic compounds
anion <-> cation  化学では'-'が基本でionといえば'-'。anion = big '-' 大きな'-'(電子)an-ionで覚える。nobleガスと同じ殻構造になるのは左のanionのいくつかと一段下のcationのうちトランジションまで。$*_{#(+|ー)}$
Metallic bonding  一種類のメタル以外に複数のメタルが関わる場合。いずれにしろメタル以外の元素関わらない。
http://webcast.berkeley.edu/mediaplayer/player.swf

UC Berkeley Webcasts | Video and Podcasts: Chem 1A

UC Berkeley Webcasts | Video and Podcasts: Chem 1A

"stoichiometry"
lewes dot structure
"formal charge"

ucb chem1a 1

glucose greek sweet
sucrose french sweet
fructose fruit sweet
human body does NOT produce 'amino acids'

5 111 6

#$m E = p^2$ mass is like energy.
$\psi$ is p article $F= m a$ becomes shrodinger's eq when $\lambda$ is comparable to the scale of the environment.  space part & spin part (& time part) of wave function
"Rydberg constant"$R_H$ $H\hat \psi = E \psi  E = \frac{R_H}{n^2}$ "E equals minus a nineth of the $R_H$"  "Ionization energy is always positive" ${}^A_ZH$

Lec 6 | MIT 5.111 Principles of Chemical Science, Fall 2005

5 111 5

radiation (moving energy) == photon (no mass)
'atom trapping' sterve chow nobel laureate
wave length of electrons ... 1.6 angstrom for 56 eV KE

Lec 5 | MIT 5.111 Principles of Chemical Science, Fall 2005

chemistry 106 lecture 1

endo-thermic (exo-)
 dispersion       1
 dipole-dipole  10
 ion-dipole     1-100,000
 H bonding     10,000
H bonding $/parallel H_2O /perpto H_2S$ needs electronegativiy and small atom size.  H-O bonding alone does NOT exibit H bonding, but multiples of H-O does.

Chemistry 106 Lecture 01

5 111 4

$# of e^- \parallel Intensity, KE(e^-) \perp Intensity KE(e^-) \paralle \nu, \nu_0 \parallel material spieces (WORK as in work function)$
$2\pi\hbar:h planck's constant fitting constants in blackbody theory-to-data$
$KE = h\nu - h\nu_0, h\nu ... enerygy packet per photon$

Lec 4 | MIT 5.111 Principles of Chemical Science, Fall 2005

7 013 1

$$"web" between fingers programed death
rice lacking beta carotene for vitamin A
10^14 cells in a human.  10^14 bacteria in intestine.  Chloroplast

Lec 1 | MIT 7.014 Introductory Biology, Spring 2005

7 012 4

assimilate them properly
post-translational modification (3D after protein polymerized), proteolysis, glycosylation, neucleoside
ribo ribose DNA fail-rate 1 ppb  & 10^16 replication during man's lifetime "denature"

Lec 4 | MIT 7.012 Introduction to Biology, Fall 2004

5 111 3

microwave rotates atom.  Infrared lights vibrates atom.  UV,X-ray agitates electrons.  !emanates

Lec 3 | MIT 5.111 Principles of Chemical Science, Fall 2005

amphictyony: Definition from Answers.com

聖書の文脈だと12部族連合、上代以前の日本の社会形態としてのゆるい宗教連合。元はdelphiを中心としたギリシャの社会形態のことらしい。
amphictyony: Definition from Answers.com

5 111 2

nucleus first came from that of cells, then later to atoms

Lec 2 | MIT 5.111 Principles of Chemical Science, Fall 2005

7 012 2

covalent 80kcal/mol  strong (Ref. thermal energy 0.6kcal/mol)
H-O-H polar molecule -C-C-H nopolar molecule C-C=O-OH  -C=O- "anyl" C=O-OH "carboxyle"
hydrogen-bond weak (5kcal/mol) H2OのなかのH+は複数のH2Oの間を行き来している。
-C-C-C-C- "aliphatic", hydro-phobic -philic, micelle, lipid bilayer H2-N-C-C  "amine" !ephemeral phenomenon
esterification action <-> hydrolysis action "hydroxyle" -> "carboxyle" "glycerol" !hapless
carbohydrate glucose is a hexose  ;pentose,triose
"steric" 3D structure mono-valent bi-valent tri-valant "cyclize" circurlar structure
"extracyclic" external to circular structure.  lactase acts on lactose (di-cyclide) <-> suclose 

Lec 2 | MIT 7.012 Introduction to Biology, Fall 2004

7 012 1

nucleus-membrane cytoplazma  plazma-membrane cytoskelton ゴルジ体、motility (rough/smooth)ER vesicle chromatin
prokaryotic eukaryotic
protozoa metazoa
 - metaphyta

Lec 1 | MIT 7.012 Introduction to Biology, Fall 2004

5 111 1

atom = a tomos ... not divisible. tomography の tomo と同じ。
EM theory predates the discovery of electron by J.J. Thompson.  He used EM theory and equipments to the discovery.

Lec 1 | MIT 5.111 Principles of Chemical Science, Fall 2005

acid test: Definition from Answers.com

気になった言葉調べた言葉も
blogに追加できるのかもしれない
acid test: Definition from Answers.com

8 02 35

F (capital letter) ... frequency
Doppler shift in sound $\perp$ - in light (EM radiation)
$f\prime = f (\frac{v_{tr} - v_{rec}}{v_{tr} + v_{rec}})$
$f\prime = f (\frac{1-/beta}{1+/beta})^\frac{1}{2}$
!人間のサイズと音の波長の関係。原子のサイズと光子等の波長の関係。人間の圧力のような感覚？原子の音に相当する事象の波長は？単位に残された先人の直感、第一印象の名残りを忘れない祈り。
quasar ... a peculiar kind of galaxy $\perp$ star
! four thirds ,$\frac{4}{3}\pi r^3$

Lec 35 | MIT 8.02 Electricity and Magnetism, Spring 2002

8 01 35

troposphere <- "tropopause" -> stratosphere
$3 {}^4He -> {}^{12}C + energy$

Lec 35 | 8.01 Physics I: Classical Mechanics, Fall 1999

8 01 34

$A \congruent B$
$\lamda = \h / p$ for baseball $\lambda$ is absurdly small
two particle wave interference can be destructive(disappear)
$\Delta p \dot \Delta x \gt \frac{h}{2\pi}=\hbar$

Lec 34 | 8.01 Physics I: Classical Mechanics, Fall 1999

8 02 34

"light plus light produce darkness"

Lec 34 | MIT 8.02 Electricity and Magnetism, Spring 2002

8 02 34

"light plus light produce darkness"

Lec 34 | MIT 8.02 Electricity and Magnetism, Spring 2002

8 01 33

"moles" like "dozen" $P V = n R T$ -> $P V = N k T$
tire pressure gague $\perp$ pressure $\parallel$ over pressure (over outside air pressure)

Lec 33 | 8.01 Physics I: Classical Mechanics, Fall 1999

8 02 33

$\pm \frac{1}{2}\lambda,\frac{3}{2}\lambda,\frac{5}{2}\lambda$ "one ,three, five half lambda"
hyperbola ,hyperboloids

Lec 33 | MIT 8.02 Electricity and Magnetism, Spring 2002

8 01 32

"thermometric"$-40^\circ C = -40^\circ F$
"$\alpha$ linear expansion coefficient"
"$\beta (\approxto 3\alpha)$ volume $--$" "invar"
frosen pond bottom $4^\circ C$ maximum density

Lec 32 | 8.01 Physics I: Classical Mechanics, Fall 1999

8 02 32

"Bohr magneton" qumta of atom magnetism
L $\perp$ inductance $\parallel$ "seLf-inductance"$L = \frac{\phi_B}{I} B = \mu_0\frac{I N}{l} \kappa_M$
${(\frac{d y}{d t})}_x$ _ "... sub x" | ".... OF x" $n = \frac{c}{v}$ 水中の光速はすぐ分かる。
! Gibb's enerty = Entalpy($\Delta H$) - Entropy(S) 白光でも偏光でもない円光の利用。
図形のビジュアルで覚える。

Lec 32 | MIT 8.02 Electricity and Magnetism, Spring 2002

8 03 22

! PV = nRT  P Energy per unit volume left: mechanical (potential) energy ,right: thermal energy, like $U_T = \frac{k T}{q}$
smaller rain drops reflection and interference dominates "supernumerally|white bows"
ice refraction/reflection -> haloes sundogs moondogs
fine particle defraction -> glories

Lec 22 | MIT 8.03 Vibrations and Waves, Fall 2004